Evaluation of pH changes produced by dental pulp capping materials: An in vitro study

Abstract

Background. Ideal direct pulp capping materials should be biocompatible, have antibacterial and antiinflammatory properties, promote dental pulp regeneration, provide appropriate sealing, be insoluble in tissue fluids, and have sufficient mechanical properties. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to observe time-related changes that occur in the pH values of different pulp capping materials. Material and methods. Nine materials were included in this study: Calcipulpe®, Calcipro®, Biopulp®, Life®, Dycal®, ProRoot MTA Grey®, ProRoot MTA White®, MTA Angelus Grey® and MTA Angelus White®. The pH values were recorded immediately after immersion (baseline) and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 48, 72, 168, 336, and 504 h with a pH-meter, previously calibrated with solutions of known pH levels. Results. All testing materials had an alkaline pH. Analysis of the pH changes as a function of time showed a gradual rise in the pH of all the materials. Differences in pH values between the first and last experimental period were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The highest pH increase was observed for setting and the lowest for non-setting calcium hydroxide preparations. Based on the obtained results, the preparations were divided into groups relating to their alkaline abilities. The highest pH increase was observed for setting and the lowest for non-setting calcium hydroxide preparations. Conclusions. In conclusion, we can say that from the point of view of alkalizing properties, all the evaluated preparations can be used in vital dental pulp treatment.