Cross-reactivity of pantoprazole with three commercial cannabinoids immunoassays in urine

Abstract

Pantoprazole is a frequently prescribed proton pump inhibitor (PPI) commonly utilized in the management of gastrointestinal symptoms. Few substances have proved to cause a false-positive cannabinoid urine screen. However, a case of false-positive urine cannabinoid screen in a patient who received a pantoprazole dose has been recently published. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential cross-reactivity of pantoprazole in the cannabinoid immunoassays: Alere Triage® TOX Drug Screen, KIMS® Cannabinoids II and DRI® Cannabinoids Assay. Drug-free urine to which pantoprazole was added up to 12,000 μg/mL produced negative results in the DRI® Cannabinoids and KIMS® Cannabinoids II. Alere Triage® TOX Drug Screen assay gave positive results at pantoprazole concentrations higher than 1,000 μg/mL. Urine samples from 8 pediatric patients were collected at the beginning of their pantoprazole treatment. Alere Triage® TOX Drug Screen assay produced positive test results in all patient samples and KIMS® Cannabinoids II immunoassay produced positive test results in one patient sample. None patient sample gave a false-positive result when analyzed by the DRI® Cannabinoids Assay. Our findings demonstrate that some cannabinoids immunoassays are susceptible to cross-reaction errors resulting from the presence in urine of pantoprazole and the resulting metabolism of the parent drug. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of false-positive results for cannabinoids after a pantoprazole treatment.