Effects of seaweed extract application rate and method on post-production life of petunia and tomato transplants

Abstract

Seaweed extracts are widely used as plant growth regulators in agriculture and horticulture for improvement of plant growth and development. This study investigated the effects of rockweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract application method (foliar spray or substrate drench) and rate on growth and postharvest drought tolerance of petunia (Petunia hybrida) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) transplants grown in a commercial peat/perlite substrate. Foliar sprays significantly affected growth of petunia and tomato, but did not improve drought tolerance of petunia and tomato. Whereas, substrate drenches significantly improved drought tolerance of petunia and tomato compared with the control. Shoot fresh weight (FW), shoot dry weight (DW), root index (RI), and chlorophyll index (SPAD) of petunia and tomato increased significantly with increasing concentration of foliar spray rate up to 5 mL · L-1, but did not change significantly with further higher foliar spray rates. Weekly substrate drenches at 20 mL · L-1 significantly decreased FW, DW, RI, and SPAD values of petunia and tomato. In this study, substrate drench at 5-10 mL · L-1 significantly increased flower number of petunia and tomato. The results of this study suggested that substrate drenches at 5-10 mL · L-1 are appropriate for the improvement of postharvest life of petunia and tomato transplants, and that foliar applications can increase plant growth.