Pharmacokinetic characterization and tissue distribution of fusion protein therapeutics by orthogonal bioanalytical assays and minimal PBPK modeling

Abstract

Characterization of pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and target tissue distribution of therapeutic fusion proteins (TFPs) are critical in supporting in vivo efficacy. We evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile of an investigational TFP consisting of human immunoglobulin G4 fused to the modified interferon alpha by orthogonal bioanalytical assays and applied minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to characterize the TFP pharmacokinetics in mouse. The conventional ligand binding assay (LBA), immunocapture-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (IC-LC/MS) detecting the human IgG4 peptide or the interferon alpha peptide were developed to measure the TFP concentrations in mouse plasma and tumor. The minimal PBPK model incorporated a tumor compartment model was used for data fitting. The plasma clearance measured by LBA and IC-LC/MS was comparable in the range of 0.5–0.6 mL/h/kg. However, the tumor exposure measured by the generic human IgG4 IC-LC/MS was significantly underestimated compared with the interferon alpha specific IC-LC/MS and LBA. Furthermore, the minimal PBPK model simultaneously captured the relationship between plasma and tissue exposure. We proposed the streamlined practical strategy to characterize the plasma exposure and tumor distribution of a TFP by both LBA and IC-LC/MS. The minimal PBPK modeling was established for better understanding of pharmacokinetic profile of investigational TFPs in the biotherapeutic discovery.