Effects of NSAIDs on the kidney

Abstract

NSAID use is pervasive in our society. Existing NSAIDs pose little risk to patients who tolerate them early during their administration. Among persons with normal renal function who have no other risk factors (dehydration) for an acute hemodynamic effect, there is no risk. However, NSAID administration to susceptible persons may cause decrements in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate within hours. This acute hemodynamic effect is the most common renal syndrome caused by NSAIDs. With careful monitoring, this effect is readily detected with routine clinical laboratory tests (serum creatinine and/or blood urea nitrogen concentrations). However, patients who continue administration of NSAIDs in this setting risk acute tubular necrosis and permanent damage to the kidney. Newer NSAIDs that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2: cyclooxygenase-1 ratio may provide a more favorable risk profile for patients who cannot tolerate existing drugs.