Instabilities of a family of oblate stellar spheroids

Abstract

We have examined the stability of a sequence of oblate elliptical galaxy models having the Stäckel form suggested by Kuz'min & Kutuzov. We have employed the two-integral distribution functions given by Dejonghe & de Zeeuw, for which flattened non-rotating models are characterized by counter-streaming motion and are radially cool; we introduce net rotation in some models by changing the sign of the z-component of angular momentum for a fraction of the particles. We have found that all non-rotating and slowly rotating members of this sequence rounder than E7 are stable, and that even maximally rotating models rounder than E4 are stable. In the absence of strong rotation the most disruptive instability, and the last to be stablized by increasing thickness, is a lopsided (m = 1) mode. This instability appears to be driven by counter-rotation in radially cool models. Its vigour is lessened as rotation is increased, but it remains strong even in models with net angular momentum 90 per cent of that of a maximally rotating model before finally disappearing in maximally rotating models. Strongly rotating models are more unstable to bar-forming modes which afflict maximally rotating models with c/a≲0.5, but these modes are quickly stabilized by moderate fractions of counter-rotating particles. Bending instabilities appear not to be very important; they are detectable in the inner parts of the flatter models, but are less vigorous and more easily stabilized than the lopsided or bar modes in every case. We briefly discuss the possible relevance of the lopsided instability to the existence of many lopsided disc galaxies. © 1997 RAS.