Immunomodulatory and phytomedicinal properties of watermelon juice and pulp (Citrullus lanatus Linn): A review

Abstract

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Linn) is a popular staple summer fruit in the world which is consumed frequently as a dessert, fruit salad and used in garnishing drinks. It is a natural source of antioxidants. Watermelon is an unusual fruit source of the carotenoid lycopene and a rich source of phenolic antioxidants. It contains cucurbitacin E, a triterpene anti-inflammatory phytonutrient and unusual amounts of amino acids like L-arginine and citrulline. Watermelon is an excellent source of immune-supportive vitamin C and vitamin A. In addition, watermelon is a good source of potassium and magnesium. The nutritional profile of water melon is a full array of nutrients, including carbohydrates, sugar, soluble and insoluble fiber, vitamins, minerals e.g. magnesium and potassium, fatty acids and amino acids. The chemical components of watermelon enhance its capacity to scavenge the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in a cell membrane. A plethora of evidence shows that it can be effective for weight loss. Several epidemiological studies showed it has phytochemicals that can reduce risk of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD). Watermelon pomace is reported to be a concentrated source of lycopene as compared to the juice.