The interface between the cognitive processing speed and arithmetic and reading performance of 5th and 7thyear elementary school students

Abstract

The literature investigating the interface between cognitive processing speed (PS) and learning mathematics and reading suggests that PS plays a crucial role in this interface. However, controversial results still characterize this field of investigation and, therefore, it is necessary to research for a better understanding of the associations between PS and academic achievement, as well as the relationship between PS and working memory (WM), another fundamental cognitive domain. In order to contribute to this debate, the present study aimed to verify the occurrence of correlation (Spearman) between PS and the following variables: a) numerical competence performance (arithmetic and number sense); b) reading performance; c) working memory (central executive component); d) frequency in the use of arithmetic-fact retrieval strategies; e) number of correct fact retrievals. The research involved 60 students, in the 5th and 7thyears of Elementary School, with average and low performance in arithmetic and reading. The results showed significant and negative associations (less time = higher speed) between the variables, so that PS is associated with both numerical and reading competence, as well as with WM and with the variables related to the fact retrieval strategy. These data indicate that a weakness in PV may become a risk factor for the development of difficulties in those areas. Some educational implications are highlighted as well as the need for more evidence relating the interventions in PS and WM and the performance in arithmetic and reading.