Prediction of porcine carcass iodine value based on diet composition and fatty acid intake

Abstract

The pig industry uses a variety of fat sources (FS) and fat levels (FL) in diets to increase energy content. The objective was to investigate the impact of FS and FL on rate and efficiency of gain, apparent total tract digestibility of dietary fat, and pork fat composition and test dietary predictors of carcass iodine value (IV). A total of 1,213 pigs (PIC 280 × PIC Camborough 42; PIC, Inc., Hendersonville, TN) with an initial BW of 32.0 ± 0.4 kg were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments on d 0. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial, with 2 FS, choice white grease (CWG; IV = 66.8) and corn oil (COIL; IV = 123.2), and 3 FL, 2, 4, or 6%. Ten pens of approximately 20 pigs each (0.70 m2/ pig) were randomly assigned to each of the 6 treatments. All pigs were on trial for 105 d. Pigs were harvested in 1 of 3 marketing pulls, to achieve an ideal market BW across differing rates of gain, at which time belly fat samples were collected (d 105 [457 pigs], 117 [309 pigs], or 134 [432 pigs]). Diet and belly fat samples were analyzed for fatty acid profile. Daily rate of gain was not impacted by FS or FL (P ≤ 0.325). Increasing FL and dietary energy concentration increased G:F (P < 0.001). No difference was evident for G:F between FS (P = 0.107). Increasing FL of CWG resulted in greater daily intake of SFA and MUFA than increasing FL of COIL (P < 0.001). Increasing levels of COIL resulted in greater daily intake of PUFA than increasing levels of CWG (P ≤ 0.012). Feeding CWG tended to result in great caloric efficiency adjusted for carcass yield than feeding COIL (P = 0.074). The inclusion of COIL instead of CWG tended to increase true total tract digestion of acid hydrolyzed ether extract on d 39 (P = 0.066) but not on d 104 (P = 0.402). Increasing COIL increased carcass IV at a greater magnitude than increasing CWG, resulting in a FS × FL interaction on d 105, 117, and 134 (P < 0.001). Dietary linoleic acid concentration and daily intake had a stronger linear relationship than IV product (IVP; R2 = 0.95 vs. R2 = 0.94 vs. R2 = 0.85, respectively). In conclusion, limiting linoleic acid dietary concentration and intake is key to lowering carcass IV. To meet a carcass IV standard of 74 g/100 g, linoleic acid concentration had to be <3.4% and intake had to be <88 g/d. Dietary linoleic acid is a superior predictor of carcass IV compared with IVP, especially when high-fat diets are used.