Overlooked manifestations

Abstract

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous disease with well-described traditional clinical manifestations, such as Raynaud's phenomenon, dermal sclerosis, esophageal dysmotility, calcinosis and telangiectasia. Because the clinical presentation can be complex and involve multiple organ systems, there are several other manifestations that often go unrecognized but cause significant morbidity. This chapter discusses a few such manifestations, including audiovestibular disease, oral complications, thyroid dysfunction, liver disease, and bladder dysfunction.