PENINGKATAN EFEKTIFITAS DAN EFISIENSI USAHA PERIKANAN TANGKAP LAUT SKALA KECIL MELALUI FASILITASI PETA PERKIRAAN ‘FISHING GROUND’

Abstract

Usaha perikanan tangkap laut skala kecil mendominasi struktur perikanan Indonesia, mencakup > 90% dari struktur perikanan tangkap yang ada di Indonesia. Permasalahan utama dalam pengembangan usaha perikanan pada kelompok ini adalah keterbatasan aset dan permodalan serta sifat musiman dan resiko ketidak pastian sebagai akibat keterbatasan kapasitas yang dimiliki. Hal ini diperparah oleh minimnya keberpihakan penentu kebijakan pada kelompok usaha tersebut. Tulisan ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian Panel Kelautan dan Perikanan Nasional (PANELKANAS) yang bertujuan menyediakan database yang akurat di tingkat mikro yang mampu merepresentasikan kinerja pembangunan sektor kelautan dan perikanan. Secara spesifik penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan peningkatan efektivitas dan efisiensi pengelolaan perikanan tangkap laut skala kecil melalui fasilitasi peta perkiraan ‘fishing ground’. Data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data primer diperoleh melalui survei monitoring terhadap 30-40 contoh responden rumah tangga nelayan terpilih dengan menggunakan bantuan kuesioner terstruktur di lokasi Sibolga, Sampang dan Bitung; sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan tahunan berbagai institusi terkait maupun hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu. Analisis statistik deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, sedangkan penyajian dilakukan secara deskriptif eksploratif dengan bantuan teknik tabulasi silang. Hasil kajian memberikan ilustrasi dinamika musim penangkapan ikan di laut di lokasi terpilih, dinamika penguasaan aset dan investasi berdasarkan tipologi penangkapan, dinamika struktur biaya dan pendapatan serta rumusan rekomendasi kebijakan peningkatanan efektivitas dan efisiensi pengelolaan perikanan tangkap laut skala kecil melalui fasilitasi peta perkiraan ‘fishing ground’. Title: Improving Effectivity and Effienciency of Small-Scale Fisheries Business Through Facilitating the Estimated Fishing Ground Map. Small-scale fisheries business dominated the structure of Indonesian fisheries covering more than 90% of the structure of marine fisheries in Indonesia. Primary problems in the development of the sector were limited assets and capital as well as the seasonal nature and the uncertainties as a result of lack of capacity in managing the business. This situation compounded by lack of decision makers support to small scale fisheries. This paper is a part of Research Panel of the National Marine and Fisheries (PANELKANAS) which aims to provide an accurate data base at micro level by which are able to represent performance of the development of marine and fisheries sector. Specifically, this article aims to formulate policy recommendations to improving the effectiveness and efficiency marine capture fisheries management through facilitating an estimated ‘fishing ground’ map for small-scale fishers. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data were obtained through monitoring survey of 30-40 samples of selected fisher households by using a structured questionnaire at the Sibolga, Sampang and Bitung regencies, while secondary data were obtained from various institutions related to the annual report and the results of previous studies. A Descriptive statistics analysis was used in this study while the report was presented descriptive-exploratory by using cross tabulation techniques. Results of the study illustrate the dynamics of fishing season at selected locations, dynamic of control assets and investments based on the marine capture fisheries typology, dynamics of cost and revenue structure and formulation policy recommendations to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of marine capture fisheries management through the facilitation of small-scale map of the estimated ‘fishing ground’.