BIOSENSORS: TYPES, APPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE ADVANTAGES

Abstract

With the developing technology and increasing population, nanotechnology has started to be used in all areas of life. The use of biosensors, which have an important place in the field of nanotechnology, is increasing day by day. Biosensors can be defined as biological devices that help us interpret the analyte concentration in a sample by converting it into measurable signals. Advantageously, it has both speed and high precision. There are many types of biosensors used in many fields. These; enzymatic, nucleic acid, electrochemical and optical biosensors. All of them can have different components and uses. Biosensors are used especially in early diagnosis of diseases, environment and agriculture, pharmaceutical industry, defense industry and food industry. For example, biosensors are used in the treatment of oncological diseases using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, in the determination of pesticides, which is one of the environmental pollutants, in the potentiometric analysis of glutamate, in the detection of chemical warfare agents and toxic substances. In addition, it is expected that the usage areas of biosensors will become widespread in the future, and they will be used more widely in the early diagnosis of diseases. At this point, the use of biosensors has increased worldwide and has attracted the attention of scientists. In this study, classification of biosensors, application areas, characterization, studies on biosensors, technologies developed and applied for the future are mentioned.