KIT Mutation Incidence and Pattern of Melanoma in Central Europe

Abstract

Data on the KIT mutation rate in melanoma in the central European region is missing. Accordingly, in a cohort of 79 BRAF/NRAS double wild type cutaneous melanoma and 17 mucosal melanoma KIT mutation was assessed by Sanger sequencing of exons 9,11,13,17 and 18. In this cutaneous melanoma cohort KIT mutation frequency was found to be 34/79 (43.04%) with a significantly higher rate in acrolentiginous melanoma (ALM) as compared to UV-induced common variants (20/34, 58.8% versus 14/45, 31.1%, p = 0.014). In the double wild type mucosal melanoma cohort the KIT mutation frequency was found to be comparable (41.2%). The actual frequency of KIT mutation in the original 227 patient cutaneous melanoma cohort was 34/227, 14.9%. Exon 11 was the most frequent mutation site (44.7%) followed by exon 9 (21.1%) equally characterizing UV-induced common histotypes and ALM tumors. In mucosal melanoma exon 9 was the most frequently involved exon followed by exon 13 and 17. KIT mutation hotspots were identified in exon 9 (c482/491/492), in exon 11 (c559,c572, c570), in exon 13 (c642), in exon 17 (c822) and in exon 18 (c853). The relatively high KIT mutation rate in cutaneous melanoma in this central-European cohort justifies regular testing of this molecular target in this entity, not only in mucosal variants.