Complications in orthopedic rheumatology—characteristics of operative procedures

Abstract

The introduction of biologics has led to a great improvement in the treatment options for inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Nevertheless, surgical interventions are still necessary in many patients but a change in surgical indications could be observed. The previously predominant synovectomy of inflamed rheumatic joints is now reduced to a few so-called rebellious joints with persistent inflammation. Joint-preservation and tenoplasty are standard surgical procedures requiring a specific approach including potential complications. The basic immunosuppressive medication has to be considered for all rheumatological interventions. Recommendations extensively evaluate the risk profile of immunosuppressants. The available clinical data are difficult to assess and incomplete. Advances in modern joint replacement procedures have increased the quality of life of patients. Compared to degenerative osteoarthritis, patients with rheumatism tend to present at a lower age, with poorer bone quality and have an increased risk for bacterial joint infections. In cases of a multilocular rheumatoid manifestation including all joints of the extremities, joint replacement specifics need to be taken into account. In patients with rheumatic diseases the mechanical stability of joint replacements, revision options, potential risk of joint infections and periprosthetic fractures vary sometimes considerably from patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. Missing clinical signs of joint infection despite a life-threatening, possibly multilocular dissemination of the disease due to immunosuppressants represents a particular challenge with respect to the diagnostics and treatment. The confusion of this with a rheumatic exacerbation might lead to general septicemia with a high mortality.