Role of Cytogenetic Evaluation in Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract

Aim: Acute leukaemia represents clonal haematological disorders that arise from at least two or more genetics alteration in susceptible haematological cells. The cytogenetic study confirms a wide variety of common, rare and novel chromosomal anomalies in patients with haematological disorders providing valuable diagnostics and prognostic information. Method: Cytogenetic analyses were carried out in a total 4600 suspected patients. Of which, 68 patients were reported with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Cytogenetic analyses from bone marrow cultures having age ranging from 5 years to 65 years were carried out. GTG banded metaphases were analysed and karyotypes by automatic karyotyping system and confirmation were made by using Florescent In Situ Hybridization technique (FISH). Results: Results revealed that out of 68 AML patients only 36 patients (52.9%) were found with translocation t(8; 21) (q22; q22) in AML-M2 subtype, 23 patients (33.8%) were found with a translocation t(15; 17) (q22; q12) in AML-M3 and only 09 patients(13.2%) were found with inversion in chromosome16 inv(16) (p13; q22) in AML-M4. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that a high prevalence rate of AML were found in t(8; 21) (q22; q22) followed by t(15; 17) (q22; q12) and inv(16) (p13; q22). The significance of results is discussed.