A method for determining submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples has been developed. Caffeine is extracted from a 1 L water sample with a 0.5 g graphitized carbon-based solid-phase cartridge, eluted with methylene chloride-methanol (80 + 20, v/v), and analyzed by liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. The single-operator method detection limit for organic-free water samples was 0.02 μg/L. Mean recoveries and relative standard deviations were 93 ± 13% for organicfree water samples fortified at 0.04 μg/L and 84 ± 4% for laboratory reagent spikes fortified at 0.5 μg/L. Environmental concentrations of caffeine ranged from 0.003 to 1.44 μg/L in surface water samples and from 0.01 to 0.08 μg/L in groundwater samples.
CITATION STYLE
Burkhardt, M. R., Soliven, P. P., Werner, S. L., & Vaught, D. G. (1999). Determination of submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. Journal of AOAC International, 82(1), 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.1.161
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