Biomedical applications of nanoparticles

Abstract

During the last decade, biomedical applications of nanoparticles describes the most interesting and investigated applications of nanoparticles, emphasising their therapeutic impact. There have been enormous developments in utilising the power of nanotechnology in various fields including biomedical sciences. The most important biomedical applications of nanoparticles are in disease diagnosis and treatment. Functionalised nanoparticles possess unique properties as contrast agents for dual and even triple modal imaging. The potential of these new generation nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery has revolutionised safe and effective pharmacotherapies for complex diseases. One more step ahead, theranostic nanoparticles are equipped with dual capabilities for disease diagnosis as well as treatment. Specifically, designed nanoparticles have also been utilised to improve the delivery and efficiency of different vaccines, including their application in cancer immunotherapy. This chapter provides an overview of the biomedical applications of nanoparticles and recent advancements in this area on the basis of current research. Progress made in the therapy of severe diseases, such as cancer and difficult infections, is strictly correlated to the scientific progress and technological development in the field of materials science. Nanoparticles have numerous therapeutic applications, starting with the design of new drugs, delivery systems, therapeutic materials, and their contribution to the development of preventive strategies. The chapter highlights the impact of nanoparticles on the therapy of infections, antimicrobial effect, and also anticancer strategies. Nanoparticles are minute particles that produce a major change in the healthcare and biomedical industry. It is not restricted to any field and its presence is observed in every field of biomedicine from diagnosis to treatment to implants to cosmetics.