Ideology deconstruction of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) returnees in Indonesia

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Abstract

This paper discusses the problem of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) foreign terrorist fighters who returned to Indonesia—also called returnees. The establishment of ISIS in Syria and its propaganda related to the Khilafah attracted many Muslims in the world to emigrate, engage in jihad, and settle in Syria. After the defeat suffered by ISIS in various regions in Syria, many of these foreign terrorist fighters finally returned to their respective countries of origin. However, this research found that the returnees returned and decided not to want to be part of a terrorist group network in Indonesia anymore. This change in understanding is an appeal topic to analyze further so that things change in their understanding, leading to their unwillingness to be affiliated with ISIS. This research is qualitative with a basic research type that aims to explore new issues. Changes in the understanding of Muslim groups that initially supported ISIS can change. Data collection techniques used in this research are literature review and in-depth interviews with 12 returnees who do not want to re-join the terror network. This study uses Just World Theory and Deconstruction as an analytical framework. The findings of this study indicate that the factors that influence changes in thinking are not due to the deradicalization program carried out by the government, but are due to the experiences and interactions that occur and are felt by returnees. When classified, five factors drive changes in their ideology, namely: the experience of being a victim of violence and sexual harassment, the experience of witnessing the atrocities committed by ISIS, the reality in Syria which is different from the expectations they had before leaving, the differences in understanding of the verses of the Koran and Hadith, and powerful family influence. Tulisan ini membahas masalah Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) foreign terrorist fighters yang pulang ke Indonesia atau disebut dengan returnees. Berdirinya ISIS di Suriah dan propagandanya terkait khilafah telah menarik minat banyak umat muslim di dunia untuk berhijrah, berjihad, hingga menetap di Suriah. Setelah kekalahan yang dialami oleh ISIS di berbagai daerah di Suriah, akhirnya banyak dari para foreign terrorist fighters ini kembali ke negara asalnya masing masing. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya returnees yang memutuskan untuk tidak mau lagi tergabung dengan jaringan kelompok teroris di Indonesia. Perubahan pemahaman ini menjadi menarik untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut sehingga mendapatkan hal hal yang merubah pemahaman mereka sehingga tidak mau lagi terafiliasi dengan ISIS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe basic research yang bertujuan untuk melakukan eksplorasi terhadap suatu isu baru. Perubahan pemahaman kelompok muslim yang awalnya mendukung ISIS ternyata dapat berubah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 12 returnees yang tidak ingin kembali bergabung dengan jaringan teror. Penelitian ini menggunakan Just World Theory dan Dekonstruksi sebagai framework analisis. Temuan penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan pemikiran tersebut bukan karena adanya program deradikalisasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah, namun karena adanya pengalaman dan interaksi yang terjadi dan dirasakan oleh returnees. Sehingga ketika diklasifikasikan, terdapat lima hal yang mendorong perubahan ideologi mereka yaitu; pengalaman menjadi korban kekerasan dan pelecehan seksual, pengalaman menyaksikan kekejaman yang dilakukan ISIS, kenyataan di Suriah yang berbeda dengan ekspektasi yang mereka miliki sebelum berangkat, perbedaan pemahaman terhadap ayat alquran dan hadis, dan pengaruh keluarga yang sangat kuat.

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CITATION STYLE

APA

Rahmanto, D. N., Meliala, A. E., & Lolo, F. A. (2020). Ideology deconstruction of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) returnees in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 10(2), 381–408. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJIMS.V10I2.381-408

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