Doenças tóxicas de bovinos em Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

A retrospective study has been conducted for a period of 13 years, between 2000 and 2012, on files archived at the Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP), at the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ) at Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). For this study, 2.359 necropsy reports of cattle with conclusive diagnostic were used. On 151 of them (6.40%) the causes of death were attributed to toxic diseases that were grouped under the tags: plant poisonings and other poisoning diseases. Plant poisonings were responsible for 88.9% of the diagnosed outbreaks. In decreasing order of frequency, poisoning from the following plants was described as: Brachiaria spp. (27.88%), Vernonia rubricaulis (25%), Amorimia pubiflora (11.54%), Senna occidentalis and S. obtusifolia (8.65%), Enterolobium contortisiliquum and citric pulp (3.85% each), Stylosanthes spp. (2.88%), Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (1.92%), Manihot spp., Simarouba versicolor, Crotalaria spp., Pterodon emarginatus and Solanum malacoxylon (0.96% each). In this group, toxic nephropathy was also included, accounting for 9.62% of the outbreaks. Among other toxic diseases that have been diagnosed, lead poisoning (30.77%), urea (23.08%), sodium chloride, abamectin, and snakebites (15.38% each) are described. In this study, 5.6% of conclusive diagnoses performed on cattle from Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) during the period studied were attributed to ingestion of toxic plants, which highlights the importance of this diagnostic and their economic losses. Outbreaks of Brachiaria spp. were more frequent, but its importance as a toxic plant is small when compared to the extension of the fields on which it is planted. However, the underreported cases can change the importance of Brachiaria spp. as a toxic plant.