Barium titanium oxynitride from ammonia-free nitridation of reduced batio3

Abstract

We investigated the nitridation of reduced BaTiO3, BaTiO2.60H0.08, corresponding to an ox-yhydride with a large concentration of O defects (>10%). The material is readily nitrided under flow-ing N2 gas at temperatures between 400 and 450 °C to yield oxynitrides BaTiO2.6Nx (x = 0.2−0.22) with a slightly tetragonally distorted perovskite structure, a ≈ 4.01 and c ≈ 4.02 Å, and Ti partially remaining in the oxidation state III. The tetragonal structure was confirmed from Raman spectros-copy.14N MAS NMR spectroscopy shows a single resonance at 270 ppm, which is typical for perov-skite transition metal oxynitrides. However, largely different signal intensity for materials with very similar N content suggests N/O/vacancy ordering when prolonging nitridation times to hours. Dif-fuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy shows a reduction of the intrinsic band gap to 2.4–2.45 eV compared to BaTiO3 (~3.2 eV). Mott-Schottky measurements confirm n-type conductivity and reveal a slight negative shift of the conduction band edge from –0.59 V (BaTiO3) to ~–0.65 eV.