Calcium Sulfate in Implantology (Biphasic Calcium Sul-Fate/Hydroxyapatite, BCS/HA, Bond Apatite®): Review of the Literature and Case Reports

Abstract

Calcium sulfate is used as a synthetic graft material in orthopedics, plastic surgery, oncological surgery, and dentistry, and it has been used in a variety of clinical applications, such as the repair of periodontal defects, the treatment of osteomyelitis, maxillary sinus augmentation, and as a complement to the placement of dental implants. To carry out this systematic review, a bibliographic search was carried out. The PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) question was: Does the use of calcium sulfate as a material in guided bone regeneration in dentistry have better results compared to other bone graft materials? Finally, a case series is presented using the calcium sulfate for different procedures. Currently, the available literature on the use of calcium sulfate as a graft material in implant surgery is scarce, and what is available provides low-quality evidence. That is why more research studies on the subject are necessary to allow more comparisons and meaningful conclusions. After using Bond Apatite® in our case series, we can conclude that it is a useful and easy-to-handle material in implantology practice, but more controlled studies should be carried out in this regard to assess its long-term efficacy, especially in horizontal and/or vertical regeneration.