The angular diameter and distance of the Cepheid ζ Geminorum

Abstract

Cepheids are the primary distance indicators for extragalactic astronomy and therefore are of very high astrophysical interest. Unfortunately, they are rare stars, situated very far from Earth. Though they are supergiants, their typical angular diameter is only a few milliarseconds, making them very challenging targets even for long-baseline interferometers. We report observations that were obtained in the K′ band (2-2.3 μm), on the Cepheid ζ Geminorum with the FLUOR beam combiner, installed at the IOTA interferometer. The mean uniform disk angular diameter was measured to be 1.64 +0.14 -0.16 mas. Pulsational variations are not detected at a significant statistical level, but future observations with longer baselines should allow a much better estimation of their amplitude. The distance to ζ Gem is evaluated using Baade-Wesselink diameter determinations, giving a distance of 502 ± 88 pc.