Iterative Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Recurrent or Progressive Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Survival Outcome

Abstract

Background: Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) is an aggressive disease for which cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been used with remarkable survival benefits. Our aim was to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of recurrent DMPM managed with iterative CRS and HIPEC. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database for all patients treated for DMPM from 1989 to 2012. Results: Of 205 consecutive CRS and HIPEC procedures, 44 (21.5 %) patients underwent an iterative procedure—22 (50.0 %) males versus 22 (50.0 %) females. Mean age at recurrence was 51.5 years. There was no 30-day mortality following an iterative procedure, and the grade III–V morbidity was 2.3 %. The median overall survival of patients undergoing an iterative CRS and HIPEC was 54 months versus 77 months following an initial CRS and HIPEC (p = 0.96). Patients undergoing an iterative surgery had a 3- and 5-year survival of 61 and 46 %, respectively, versus 60 and 52 % following an initial CRS and HIPEC. Amongst the iterative group, the achieved complete cytoreduction (CC) score was 15.9, 18.2, 22.7, and 43.2 % for CC0, CC1, CC2 and CC3, respectively, versus 3.1, 43.5, 28.6 and 24.8 %, respectively, following initial CRS (p = 0.000). Significant predictors of an improved survival in multivariate analysis were an epithelioid subtype, female sex, complete or near CC (CC0 or CC1), HIPEC regimen utilized, absence of postoperative complication, and age at diagnosis. Conclusion: Iterative CRS and HIPEC can be performed safely and appear to have benefits with this group of patients showing an improved median survival.