Primary cutaneous nocardiosis: A diagnosis of consideration in a renal transplant recipient

Abstract

Background: The cutaneous nocardiosis remains a diagnostic challenge: similar clinical presentations as of cutaneous diseases with different etiology - and the inherent difficulty in cultivating the pathogen. Case presentation: Herein, we describe a case of primary cutaneous nocardiosis in a renal transplant recipient; treated with anti-tubercular drugs due to misdiagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis. On clinical examinations, a few red erythematous papules with erosions and crusting seen, over prior surgery scar of renal transplant. Multiple basophilic colonies surrounded by neutrophilic abscesses and granulation tissue were seen on histopathological examinations. The presumptive identification was done by Ziehl-neelson staining, bacterial culture, biochemical interpretations, and susceptibility pattern of the isolates to antibiotics. Radiographic imaging of brain and lungs were normal; no feature of disseminated nocardiosis seen. After 3 months of an anti-microbial therapy i.e. TMP-SMX(sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim); the patient underwent progressive changes no relapse noted; transplant function observed in a good state, found asymptomatic with limited side effects on a regular follow up till now. Conclusion: Cutaneous nocardiosis can occur in the renal-transplant patient. Therefore, a high degree of clinical suspicions, extensive clinical differentiation, early detection of the pathogen, apt selection of the antimicrobial therapy, correct dosing, and treatment duration is crucial for successful outcomes.