Role of cytokines in tumor immunity and immune tolerance to cancer

Abstract

The complex cytokine network within the tumor microenvironment allows the coordinated, effective development of both innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses. While certain cytokines produced in the tumor microenvironment can inhibit tumor growth, others promote tumor growth and progression. Here, we review the roles of antitumor cytokines (IL-12 and IL-27) with potential preclinical and clinical applications, as well highlight pro-tumor cytokines (TGF-β, IL-17, IL-23, IL-35, and IL-10) with pathogenic significance in cancer progression. A more thorough understanding of tumor-cytokine and immune cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment, and thoughtful manipulation of the balance of pro- vs. anti-tumor cytokines, may pave the way for more effective cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.