Comparative Evaluation of Stress Distribution around Various Threaded Implants with and without Platform Switch: A 3-D Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distribution around various thread design implants with or without platform switching in the maxillary posterior region. Materials and methods: Stress-based performances of four different thread design implants (single, double, triple, and asymmetric thread design each with or without platform switching) were analyzed by the three-dimensional finite element method under a static load of 100 N at 15° oblique direction buccolingually at the central portion of the abutment. A geometric model of the posterior maxillary segment (first molar region) with an implant and abutment was modeled using the CATIA V5R19 software. Type IV bone quality was approximated and complete osseous integration was assumed. Results: The von Mises stresses recorded around the neck of the fourthread design implants without platform switching were greater than the platform switching variety. The single-threaded implant with platform switching showed the lowest amount of von Mises stress. Additionally, total displacement or micromovement of single, triple, and asymmetric thread implants with platform switching was found to be greater than the without platform switching variety. Further, the total displacement of the single-threaded implant without platform switching was lowest. Conclusion: Implant surface design, platform switching, and site of placement affect load transmission mechanisms. Due to low crestal resorption, single thread design with platform switching is preferred. The success of an implant in the maxillary molar region is more challenging in terms of the density of bone and the worst load transfer mechanism. With the right kind of implant surface design selection, this can be reduced to a great extent by the preservation of crest of the ridge. Clinical signifcance: Crestal bone resorption following implant placement is an important issue. An optimum implant design with a single thread having a platform switch could compensate for this issue to a great extent.