MHD Mixed Convection of Non-Newtonian Bingham Nanofluid in a Wavy Enclosure with Temperature-Dependent Thermophysical Properties: A Sensitivity Analysis by Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

The numerical investigation of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow and entropy formation of non-Newtonian Bingham fluid in a lid-driven wavy square cavity filled with nanofluid was investigated by the finite volume method (FVM). The numerical data-based temperature and nanoparticle size-dependent correlations for the Al (Formula presented.) O (Formula presented.) -water nanofluids are used here. The physical model is a two-dimensional wavy square cavity with thermally adiabatic horizontal boundaries, while the right and left vertical walls maintain a temperature of (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.), respectively. The top wall has a steady speed of (Formula presented.). Pertinent non-dimensional parameters such as Reynolds number ((Formula presented.)), Hartmann number ((Formula presented.)), Bingham number ((Formula presented.)), nanoparticle volume fraction ((Formula presented.)), and Prandtl number ((Formula presented.)) have been simulated numerically. The Richardson number (Formula presented.) is calculated by combining the values of (Formula presented.) with a fixed value of (Formula presented.), which is the governing factor for the mixed convective flow. Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method, the correlation equations are obtained using the input parameters for the average Nusselt number ((Formula presented.)), total entropy generation ((Formula presented.), and Bejan number ((Formula presented.)). The interactive effects of the pertinent parameters on the heat transfer rate are presented by plotting the response surfaces and the contours obtained from the RSM. The sensitivity of the output response to the input parameters is also tested. According to the findings, the mean Nusselt numbers ((Formula presented.)) drop when (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) are increased and grow when (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) are augmented. It is found that (Formula presented.) is reduced by raising (Formula presented.), but (Formula presented.) rises with the augmentation of (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.). It is also found that the (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) numbers have a positive sensitivity to the (Formula presented.), while the sensitivity of the (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) numbers is negative.