Determinants of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in hemodialysis patients

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces changes in the myocardium known to influence morbidity and mortality, most severe in patients with end stage renal disease. Objectives: The working hypothesis was that in patients on chronic hemodialysis the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is correlated with the inflammatory, oxidative, metabolic, nutritional, and atherosclerotic status. Patients and Methods: An observational study was performed on 51 patients (age 59.76 ± 13.24 years) on hemodialysis treatment. Transthoracic cardiac ultrasound was conducted to evaluate LVDD. The burden of cardiac and arterial atherosclerosis was evaluated by cardiac ultrasound (aortic and mitral valve calcifications), vascular ultrasound (carotid and femoral atheroma plaques, common carotid intima-media thickness), and by abdominal radiography (aortic calcification score). Demographic and anthropometric parameters were determined. Blood samples were used to determine laboratory parameters reflecting the inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic/nutrition status. Results: LVDD is positively correlated with the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.04), the total antioxidant capacity of the serum (P = 0.04), the presence (P = 0.022) and number (P = 0.04) of femoral plaques, the aortic calcification score (P = 0.02), aortic valve stenosis (P = 0.037), aortic annulus calcifications (P = 0.02) and mitral valve calcifications (P = 0.041). After the removal of the main confounder, degenerative aortic stenosis, only the associations with serum total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.04) and aortic calcification score (P = 0.02) maintain their statistical significance. Conclusion: LVDD is positively correlated with inflammation and oxidative stress markers and with the severity of aortic calcification.