Vitamin D supplementation decreases TGF-β1 bioavailability in PCOS: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

Abstract

Context: There is an abnormal increase in TGF-β1 bioavailability in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which might play a role in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. VitaminD(VD) supplementation improves various clinical manifestations of PCOS and decreases TGF-β1 levels in several diseases including myelofibrosis. Objective: The objective of the studywasto determine the effect ofVDsupplementationonTGF-β1 bioavailability in VD-deficient women with PCOS and assess whether changes in TGF-β1/soluble endoglin (sENG) levels correlate with an improvement in PCOS clinical manifestations. Design: This was a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: The study was conducted at an academic-affiliated medical center. Participants: Sixty-eight VD-deficient women with PCOS who were not pregnant or taking any exogenous hormones were recruited between October 2013 and January 2015. Interventions: Forty-five women received 50 000 IU of oral vitamin D3 and 23 women received oral placebo once weekly for 8 weeks. Main Outcomes Measures: Serum TGF-β1, sENG, lipid profile, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and insulin resistance were measured. The clinical parameters were evaluated before and 2 months after treatment. Results: The VD level significantly increased and normalized after VD supplementation (16.3 ± 0.9 [SEM] to 43.2±2.4 ng/mL; P-.01), whereas it did not significantly change after placebo. After the VD supplementation, there was a significant decrease in the following: the interval between menstrual periods (80±9to60±6d;P