Implementation of nanostructured catalysts in the electrochemical promotion of catalysis

Abstract

In the last 30 years, electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC), also referred to as the non-Faradaic electrochemical modification of catalytic activity (NEMCA), has been extensively studied by research groups due to its ability to considerably enhance catalytic activity of heterogeneous catalysts. Application of a very small electrical stimulus to a catalyst-working electrode results in the modification of its electronic properties due to the controlled in situ addition or removal of the ionic species. Modification of the electronic properties alters the adsorption strength of the reaction components resulting in a distinct change in catalytic performance. Throughout the years, it has been shown that this phenomenon can be applied to various types of reactions, solid electrolytes, and conductive catalysts. Recent studies have been focused on developing these catalytic systems toward a more practical application. One aspect in regard to this includes introducing nanostructured catalysts in the form of nanoparticles or nano-thin films as the working electrode to lower manufacturing costs or with the goal of applying EPOC to commercial highly dispersed catalysts. This involves the synthesis of new nanosized catalysts as well as altering the electrochemical cell design. A review of the current progress (from 2005 up to date) and challenges encountered in EPOC with nanoparticle catalysts using various ionic conducting ceramic and polymer supports will be discussed.