Relaxin-like ligand-receptor systems are autocrine/paracrine effectors in tumor cells and modulate cancer progression and tissue invasiveness

Abstract

Relaxin and INSL3 are novel autocrine/paracrine insulin-like hormones in tumor biology. Both effectors can bind to and activate the leucine-rich G-protein coupled receptors LGR7 (relaxin receptor) or LGR8 (relaxin/INSL3 receptor). These relaxin-like ligand-receptor systems modulate cellular functions and activate signaling cascades in a tumor-specific context leading to changes in tumor cell proliferation, altered motility/migration and enhanced production/secretion of potent proteolytic enzymes. Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and acid hydrolases such as cathepsins can facilitate tissue degradation and represent important proteolytic mediators of relaxin-like actions on tumor cell invasion and metastasis. This review presents recent new findings and emphasises the important functions of the relaxin/INSL3 ligand-receptor system as novel autocrine/paracrine effectors influencing tumor progression and tissue invasiveness. © 2007 Springer.