The perioperative effects of oral premedication in children

Abstract

The pre- and postoperative effects of oral diazepam (0.5 mg/kg), trimeprazine (4 mg/kg), pentobarbitone (3 mg/kg) and a placebo were compared in a randomised double-blind clinical trial in 149 children, aged one to ten years, undergoing adenotonsillectomy. The anaesthetic was standardised and each patient received intraoperative intramuscular papaveretum (0.3 mg/kg). Preoperative sedation was assessed in the ward before transfer onto the theatre trolley, on leaving the ward, on arrival on the theatre floor, on arrival in the induction room and on induction of anaesthesia. There was no significant difference in sedation between the four drug groups except for the placebo group which had a significantly greater unsatisfactory rating at the stage of induction of anaesthesia (P = 0.001). There were no differences in waking times between the diazepam, pentobarbitone and placebo groups, but the trimeprazine group's waking times were significantly prolonged (P < 0.001). However, the trimeprazine group exhibited significantly less distress in the recovery unit (P = 0.02) and had half the incidence of vomiting (P < 0.001) than did the other premedication groups.