Neurosurgical bone grinding

Abstract

Brain cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide which occurs due to the tumors present in the brain. If these tumors not diagnosed at right time, then it will lead to loss of life. Neurosurgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the treatments which are used to remove tumors from the brain. Neurosurgery is often used as a treatment to diagnose this life-threatening disease. In surgical treatment especially in neurosurgery and orthopedics, bone grinding is commonly used. Bone grinding is an operation in which some part of the bone is removed to gain clearer operative access to the bones. Heat generated during bone grinding results in a rise in temperature which may cause harmful effects like osteonecrosis, blood coagulation, and optic nerve damage. This is the major concern for experts working in this area. Microstructure and thermophysical properties of the bone significantly affect the response of bone toward machining. The outcomes of research work done by experts are explained with their experimental setups. Different mathematical models are being explained by their key equations. Computational models and the role of automation in surgical operations are highlighted to reduce human involvement in such operations.