Packaged droplet microresonator for thermal sensing with high sensitivity

Abstract

Liquid droplet and quasi-droplet whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities have been widely studied recently for the enhanced spatial overlap between the liquid and WGM field, especially in sensing applications. However, the fragile cavity structure and the evaporation of liquid limit its practical applications. Here, stable, packaged, quasi-droplet and droplet microcavities are proposed and fabricated for thermal sensing with high sensitivity. The sensitivity and electromagnetic field intensity distribution are analyzed by Mie theory, and a quantified definition of the quasi-droplet is presented for the first time to the best of our knowledge. By doping dye material directly into the liquid, lasing packaged droplet and quasi-droplet microcavity sensors with a high thermal sensitivity of up to 205.3 pm/◦ C are experimentally demonstrated. The high sensitivity, facile fabrication, and mechanically robust properties of the optofluidic, packaged droplet microresonator make it a promising candidate for future integrated photonic devices.