Production of bioplastics from organic waste with tapioca flour and glycerol

Abstract

Bioplastic is plastic that can be decomposed because it can return to nature. This study investigates the optimal composition for the production of bioplastics with various compositions of raw material. In this study, two types of organic waste (banana peel and rice waste), tapioca flour, and glycerol, were used in different proportions for the production of bioplastics. Comparison of the composition of banana peel:tapioca flour:glycerol, respectively 1:10:7.5 (sample A) and 1:13:11.25 (sample B). The ratio of the composition of rice waste:tapioca flour:glycerol in sample C and D is 1:10:7.5 and 1:13:11.25, respectively. Bioplastics are processed using a composite of banana peel or rice waste which is dried to a moisture content of 70%. 30 mL of distilled water was added to the bioplastic and heated until thickened. The bioplastic is molded in a baking sheet while still hot and in an oven at 117˚C, then cooled at room temperature. The optimal composition of bioplastic is found in sample B with a biodegradation test value of 58%, and it contains bioplastics with functional groups O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O, and =C-H in the FTIR test results. The quality standard values for the tensile strength test and elongation test at break in sample B have values of 10.9 MPa and 29%, respectively.