India: The context of its current internal colonialism

Abstract

In India, ‘internal’ colonialism manifested itself in three different forms: (i) Subordination of ethno-racial and non-Hindu religious groups, namely indigenous people (mostly descendants of the Harappa, Ancient Ancestral South Indians, Tibeto-Burman and Austro-Asiatic people), Dalit (untouchables, sweepers, latrine cleaners), and Muslims by the descendants of Ancestral North Indians (ANI) which was created when Indo-Aryan steppe pastoralists mixed with groups of the Indus Valley periphery living in the northern fringe; (ii) Subordination of regions not dominated by the descendants of ANI of the North and West Indian states; (iii) Subordination of rural populations by the urban elites where Anglicized India exploits rural Bharat. The Anglicized urban elites act as ‘clientele classes’ of the colonial state.