Adaptive Responses of Embryonic Amphibians to Predation Risk

Abstract

Predation is a pervasive selective force known to shape the behaviour, morphology and life history of prey species. Many prey species, however, are required to learn about potential predatory threats before they can display adaptive responses. When it comes to learning, sooner is better. In this chapter, we present the earliest chemically induced antipredator adaptations known to be displayed by prey species.