Ceramic-polymer composites for biomedical applications

Abstract

Several kinds of ceramics exhibit direct bone bonding through formation of biologically active hydroxyapatite layer after implantation in bony defects. They are called bioactive ceramics and play an important role in clinical applications. However, there are still some drawbacks on clinical applications because conventional bioactive ceramics essentially have lower fracture toughness and higher Young’s modulus than natural bone. The bone takes an organic–inorganic composite where apatite nanocrystals are precipitated on collagen fibers. Therefore, problems on mechanical properties of the bioactive ceramics can be solved by designed composites composed of constituents driving bone-bonding capability. In this chapter, current research topics on development of the various organic–inorganic composites designed for biomedical application have been reviewed. Mechanical mixing of bioactive fillers in organic polymer matrix is a typical processing for fabrication of bioactive composites. In addition, coating in aqueous conditions is an important process for fabricating bioactive composites since their surface property and interaction with surrounding body fluid and tissues govern the biological activity of the materials. Functions of drug delivery, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer can be provided through material design based on organic–inorganic composites.