This paper is one of the first to use employer-employee data on wages and labor productivity to measure discrimination against immigrants. We build on an identification strategy proposed by Bartolucci (Ind Labor Relat Rev 67(4):1166–1202, 2014) and address firm fixed effects and endogeneity issues through a diff GMM-IV estimator. Our models also test for gender-based discrimination. Empirical results for Belgium suggest significant wage discrimination against women and (to a lesser extent) against immigrants. We find no evidence for double discrimination against female immigrants. Institutional factors such as firm-level collective bargaining and smaller firm sizes are found to attenuate wage discrimination against foreigners, but not against women. JEL Classification: J15, J16, J24, J31, J7
CITATION STYLE
Kampelmann, S., & Rycx, F. (2016). Wage discrimination against immigrants: measurement with firm-level productivity data. IZA Journal of Migration, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40176-016-0063-1
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