Integrated approach for the management of differential patterns of diseases and pest incidence in lychee

Abstract

The chapter deals with the increasing threat of various diseases, insects and pests to litchi growers and their management by an integrated IPM approach. Litchi plants are generally least affected by the action of pathogens as compared to other fruits. The incidence of diseases is more prominent after the harvest stage, but many may be attacked at the time of picking. A number of organisms are associated with infection of leaves, flowers and fruit, resulting in tree decline and death. It has been reported that the fungal pathogens are more responsible for diseases. Enormous losses to litchi have been reported from pests and insects through direct infection on plant parts. Chemical use is an important traditional practice to fight against pests. To upgrade the lychee fruit quality, a more advanced technological intervention is necessary which can be achieved by the integration of conventional methods of practices with biocontrol methods. The new approach is referred as integrated pest management (IPM), which has arisen as an important principle of plant protection. This approach stands as an eco-friendly method for managing pests and disease problems by integrating such methods of disease, pest, and insect control. IPM manages scientific control in such a manner that economic losses are minimized and there is less hazardous chemical effect. IPM packages consist of a well-planned and well-executed management practice including pest monitoring, survey, and field scouting to monitor every developmental stage of a pest and to develop an effective strategy. On the whole these practices not only will minimize the ill effects of chemicals but will also prove a boost for the farmers, researchers and litchi growers to choose eco-friendly methods of management.