David Lewis, Stewart Cohen, and Keith DeRose have proposed that sentences of the form S knows P are indexical, and therefore differ in truth value from one context to another.1 On their indexical contextualism, the truth value of S knows P is determined by whether S meets the epistemic standards of the speaker's context. I will not be concerned with relational forms of contextualism, according to which the truth value of S knows P is determined by the standards of the subject S's context, regardless of the standards applying to the speaker making the knowledge claim. Relational contextualism is a form of normative relativism. Indexical contextualism is a semantic theory. When the subject is the speaker, as when S is the first person pronoun I the two forms of contextualism coincide. But otherwise, they diverge. I critically examine the principal arguments for indexicalism, detail linguistic evidence against it, and suggest a pragmatic alternative. © 2005 Springer.
CITATION STYLE
Davis, W. A. (2005). Are knowledge claims indexical? In Contextualisms in Epistemology (pp. 115–139). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3835-6_7
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