Landscape diversity — a holistic approach

Abstract

The term landscape ecosystem designates a higher rank within the hierarchy of ecosystems which focuses on the structural, functional and historical peculiarities of a certain locality while the actual landscape constitutes its spatial representative. With regard to diversity, ecosystems are characterized by their special biodiversity and geodiversity. Consequently, landscape ecosystems also have a characteristic diversity of living and abiotic elements and systems. Site-specific abiotic elements, complex units and processes form the primary framework for the composition and dynamics of organisms and, at least in part, the densities and activities of human populations. Nature and culture are specifically linked, mutually effective and interdependent in such landscape ecosystems. Geodiversity and biodiversity are thus subsets of the methodologically more complex model of landscape diversity. The role of landscape diversity is discussed with regard to the objectives of conservation. The link to development issues is given special consideration by taking into account the sustainable use of natural resources.