Anti-Annexin v autoantibodies and vascular abnormalities in systemic sclerosis: A longitudinal study

Abstract

Background: Annexins are a group of conserved proteins which exert several regulatory functions on various cellular activities. Increased frequency and levels of antibodies against annexin V have already been observed in several autoimmune diseases including systemic sclerosis (SSc), but their role as a vascular biomarker is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels and the dynamical behavior of anti-Annexin V antibodies over a 24 months follow-up in patients with SSc. Methods: In this bicentric cross-sectional study, 70 patients with SSc were consecutively selected from March 2016 to April 2017. Demographic and clinical features, including the presence of active DUs, were collected. Serum anti-Annexin V IgG and IgM antibodies were measured at baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Videocapillaroscopy was performed in all patients. Results: Among the 70 SSc patients included anti-Annexin V IgG was found in 11 patients (15.7%) (range of 15.88-39.48 U/mL) and anti-Annexin V IgM in 10 patients (14.3%) (range of 14.16-22.69 U/mL) at baseline. During follow-up, the number of patients who were positive for anti-Annexin V IgG and IgM remained stable over 24 months. Among the patients with positive anti-Annexin V IgG at baseline the frequency of patients with necrosis or amputation of extremities, forced vital capacity less than 70% and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was significantly higher than in patients with negative anti-Annexin V IgG antibodies. Patients with anti-Annexin V IgG had also a higher Raynaud's Condition Score and a higher Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) than patients without these antibodies at baseline. Patients with positive anti-Annexin V IgM at baseline presented a higher frequency of PAH, compared to those with negative anti-Annexin V IgM at baseline. Conclusions: Anti-Annexin V antibodies are stable and do not change their positivity during a 24 month follow-up in SSc patients. Anti-Annexin V IgG was associated with more severe interstitial lung involvement and digital microangiopathy, and patients with anti-Annexin V IgG or IgM had a higher occurrence of PAH indicating an association of these biomarker with more severe disease.