Prevalencia de genotipos del papiloma virus humano en mujeres de la provincia del Azuay, Ecuador

Abstract

The main objectives of the research were to detect as a function of age the prevalence of high- and low-risk oncogenic Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) in cervical samples of woman in the fourteen districts of the province of Azuay. The project encompassed the cytopathological diagnosis of intraepithelial cervical lesions and the risk factors of the genotypes found were related with existing vaccines which are used as a preventive measure of cervical cancer. Cervical smear samples from a random population of 500 women were screened with the Papanicolaou (Pap) test using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study revealed a prevalence of HPV of 25.6%, respectively 4.8% low-risk oncogenic genotypes and 20.8% high-risk oncogenic genotypes, and only in the 20-29 age group a significant higher prevalence of the high-risk genotypes 31 and 66 (p<0.05) was observed. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) represent 7% and the low-grade squamous intraepithelilial lesion (LSIL) 1.8%. Furthermore no high-grade squamous intraepithelilial lesions were identified. Of the surveyed population 2.8% of the women possess viral genotypes which are treatable by the vaccines distributed by the Ministry of Public Health (MSP).