Final Discussion and Conclusions

Abstract

As has been shown, the development of renewable energy is connected to a large number of negative, unintended consequences. However, it is critical to also consider the reduction of energy use, as a key issue in this discussion, irrespective of whether the energy is taken from renewable or nonrenewable sources. This was touched upon in Chap. 2, which illustrated the unintended consequences of energy-efficiency measures and the rebound effects of other actions aiming to reduce energy consumption. © Springer-Verlag London 2013.