School Attachment and Performance: The Impact of Participation in Extracurricular Activities at School

Abstract

In Germany, school is traditionally associated with the academic curriculum. Hobbies, games, sports, and lunch are activities not provided by schools. For most German students, the school day ends before lunch. However, since the results of PISA 2006, the introduction and expansion of so-called Ganztagsschulen [all-day schools] have been major topics in educational debates in Germany. To be considered an “all-day school,” a school has to offer supervision for at least 7 h a day, 3 days a week.