The Potential Bioethanol Production from the Starch of Breadfruit Peel- A Review Case in Indonesia

Abstract

The need for fossil energy is increasing over time and is not proportional to its availability which continues to decline. The consumption of fossil fuels in Indonesia is one of the highest in the world, reaching 75 billion liters in 2019. One of the alternative fuels that can substitute for fossil fuels is bioethanol. The potential utilization of agricultural waste in the form of breadfruit peel (Artocarpus altilis) into bioethanol is studied in Indonesia in this paper. Breadfruit peels contain a concentration of monosaccharides in the form of starch up to 39.5%. In addition, breadfruit production in Indonesia is also relatively high, up to 190,551 tons in 2020. Processing starch into bioethanol requires several stages of processing first. Pre-treatment with enzyme catalysts resulted in higher concentrations of reducing sugars than chemical catalysts. This was followed by fermentation with yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to convert reducing sugars into bioethanol. In the final stage, the purification process is carried out by a multilevel distillation process and adsorption to obtain a 99.9% bioethanol purity. It is hoped that this review can help the strategy of processing breadfruit peel waste into bioethanol with an efficient process.