A Novel MPPT-Based Solar Irradiance Estimator: Integration of a Hybrid Incremental Conductance Integral Backstepping Algorithm for PV Systems with Experimental Validation †

Abstract

This paper outlines the development of a high-performance maximum power point tracking (MPPT)-based solar irradiance estimator for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The suggested estimator is constructed around a simple current–voltage-based algebraic equation that hinges on the operation of the PV system at its maximum power point (MPP). In the realm of MPP operation, the overall system is driven by a nonlinear MPPT controller. To achieve this function, we integrated a hybrid incremental conductance integral backstepping (H-INC-IBS) controller to effectively regulate the PV system. This controller was specially chosen for its powerful potency in maximizing the dynamics of the PV system, leading to heightened robustness against changing environmental conditions. The simulation results are provided to showcase the suitability of the proposed estimator. Furthermore, the estimator was verified under experimental conditions, highlighting its soundness and practicality. Through evaluations and comparisons with the conventional irradiance estimator, this paper aimed to emphasize the superiority of the proposed solar irradiance estimator in providing more accurate estimations of solar irradiance for PV systems operating under MPPT supervision.