Cascade plasmapheresis (CP) as a preconditioning regime in ABO-incompatible live related donor liver transplants (ABOi-LDLT)

Abstract

Background: ABO-incompatible live donor liver transplant (ABOi-LDLT) is being widely done to bridge the gap of demand and supply of organs. Different desensitization regimes are being used to reduce titer of blood group antibodies for successful transplant and accommodation of graft. The authors used cascade plasmapheresis (CP) to bring down titer of naturally occurring blood group antibody to 16 or lower.Material and methods: Four recipients of ABOi-LDLT were of blood groups O, O, B, and B while donors were of blood groups B, A, AB, and AB, respectively. Desensitization protocol included immunosuppressive drugs and plasmapheresis. CP consisted of separating patient's plasma as the first step and passing it through pore size based filter column as the second step. The first step was performed using disposable kit (PL1, Fresenius Kabi, Germany) with minor modification on apheresis equipment COM.TEC (Fresenius Kabi, Germany). Pore size based filter column used was 2A column (Evaflux, Kawasumi Laboratories, Japan). Blood group antibody titer (immunoglobulin G (IgG)) was done by column agglutination technology (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics).Results: Cases 1, 2, 3, and 4 with pre-CP titer of 1,024, 512, 32, and 64 required four, three, one, and one CP procedures, respectively. No signs of antibody-mediated rejection were exhibited on histopathological evaluation by any of the patients. Successful organ engraftment occurred as documented by post-operative liver function tests and liver biopsy.Conclusion: Cascade plasmapheresis offers a cost-effective and efficient way to decrease blood group antibody titer and helps in successful transplant.