Update on the management of venous thromboembolism

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, is a common cardiovascular disease associated with signifi cant morbidity ranging from painful leg swelling, chest pain, shortness of breath, and even death. Long-term complications include recurrent VTE, postpulmonary embolism syndrome, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Management of VTE requires immediate anticoagulation therapy based on a risk assessment for bleeding. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become an important option for patients as refl ected in the most recent American College of Chest Physician treatment guidelines.